[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":573},["ShallowReactive",2],{"navigation-en":3,"docs-en-/en/docs/common/turkic-peoples":393,"docs-surround-en-/en/docs/common/turkic-peoples":568},[4,42,89,136,179,226,273,320,345],{"title":5,"path":6,"stem":7,"children":8,"icon":41},"Common","/en/docs/common","en/docs/1.common/index",[9,10,14,33,37],{"title":5,"path":6,"stem":7},{"title":11,"path":12,"stem":13},"Navruz","/en/docs/common/navruz","en/docs/1.common/navruz",{"title":15,"icon":16,"path":17,"stem":18,"children":19,"page":32},"Peoples","i-lucide-users","/en/docs/common/people","en/docs/1.common/people",[20,24,28],{"title":21,"path":22,"stem":23},"Chuvash","/en/docs/common/people/chuvash","en/docs/1.common/people/chuvash",{"title":25,"path":26,"stem":27},"Gagauz","/en/docs/common/people/gagauz","en/docs/1.common/people/gagauz",{"title":29,"path":30,"stem":31},"Karakalpaks","/en/docs/common/people/karakalpaks","en/docs/1.common/people/karakalpaks",false,{"title":34,"path":35,"stem":36},"Turkic cuisine","/en/docs/common/turkic-cuisine","en/docs/1.common/turkic-cuisine",{"title":38,"path":39,"stem":40},"Turkic peoples","/en/docs/common/turkic-peoples","en/docs/1.common/turkic-peoples","i-game-icons:wolf-howl",{"title":43,"icon":44,"path":45,"stem":46,"children":47},"Turkmenistan","i-openmoji:flag-turkmenistan","/en/docs/turkmenistan","en/docs/2.turkmenistan/index",[48,49,53,57,61,65,69,73,77,81,85],{"title":43,"path":45,"stem":46},{"title":50,"path":51,"stem":52},"Carpet Weaving in Turkmenistan","/en/docs/turkmenistan/carpet-weaving","en/docs/2.turkmenistan/carpet-weaving",{"title":54,"path":55,"stem":56},"Turkmen Cuisine","/en/docs/turkmenistan/cuisine","en/docs/2.turkmenistan/cuisine",{"title":58,"path":59,"stem":60},"Festivals and Calendar Observances in Turkmenistan","/en/docs/turkmenistan/festivals","en/docs/2.turkmenistan/festivals",{"title":62,"path":63,"stem":64},"Horse Culture and Pastoral Skills in Turkmenistan","/en/docs/turkmenistan/horse-culture","en/docs/2.turkmenistan/horse-culture",{"title":66,"path":67,"stem":68},"Hospitality in Turkmenistan","/en/docs/turkmenistan/hospitality","en/docs/2.turkmenistan/hospitality",{"title":70,"path":71,"stem":72},"Material Culture in Turkmenistan","/en/docs/turkmenistan/material-culture","en/docs/2.turkmenistan/material-culture",{"title":74,"path":75,"stem":76},"Music and Dance in Turkmenistan","/en/docs/turkmenistan/music-dance","en/docs/2.turkmenistan/music-dance",{"title":78,"path":79,"stem":80},"Tea and Bread Etiquette in Turkmenistan","/en/docs/turkmenistan/tea-bread-etiquette","en/docs/2.turkmenistan/tea-bread-etiquette",{"title":82,"path":83,"stem":84},"Vernacular Belief in Turkmenistan","/en/docs/turkmenistan/vernacular-belief","en/docs/2.turkmenistan/vernacular-belief",{"title":86,"path":87,"stem":88},"Wedding Rituals in Turkmenistan","/en/docs/turkmenistan/wedding-rituals","en/docs/2.turkmenistan/wedding-rituals",{"title":90,"icon":91,"path":92,"stem":93,"children":94},"Azerbaijan","i-openmoji:flag-azerbaijan","/en/docs/azerbaijan","en/docs/3.azerbaijan/index",[95,96,100,104,108,112,116,120,124,128,132],{"title":90,"path":92,"stem":93},{"title":97,"path":98,"stem":99},"Carpet and Textiles","/en/docs/azerbaijan/carpet-textiles","en/docs/3.azerbaijan/carpet-textiles",{"title":101,"path":102,"stem":103},"Azerbaijani Cuisine","/en/docs/azerbaijan/cuisine","en/docs/3.azerbaijan/cuisine",{"title":105,"path":106,"stem":107},"Culinary Regionality","/en/docs/azerbaijan/culinary-regionality","en/docs/3.azerbaijan/culinary-regionality",{"title":109,"path":110,"stem":111},"Festivals and Calendar Observances","/en/docs/azerbaijan/festivals","en/docs/3.azerbaijan/festivals",{"title":113,"path":114,"stem":115},"Hospitality","/en/docs/azerbaijan/hospitality","en/docs/3.azerbaijan/hospitality",{"title":117,"path":118,"stem":119},"Material Culture","/en/docs/azerbaijan/material-culture","en/docs/3.azerbaijan/material-culture",{"title":121,"path":122,"stem":123},"Mugham and Ashug","/en/docs/azerbaijan/mugham-ashug","en/docs/3.azerbaijan/mugham-ashug",{"title":125,"path":126,"stem":127},"Music and Dance","/en/docs/azerbaijan/music-dance","en/docs/3.azerbaijan/music-dance",{"title":129,"path":130,"stem":131},"Novruz Household Practices","/en/docs/azerbaijan/novruz-household","en/docs/3.azerbaijan/novruz-household",{"title":133,"path":134,"stem":135},"Vernacular Belief","/en/docs/azerbaijan/vernacular-belief","en/docs/3.azerbaijan/vernacular-belief",{"title":137,"icon":138,"path":139,"stem":140,"children":141},"Kyrgyzstan","i-openmoji:flag-kyrgyzstan","/en/docs/kyrgyzstan","en/docs/4.kyrgyzstan/index",[142,143,147,151,155,159,162,166,169,172,175],{"title":137,"path":139,"stem":140},{"title":144,"path":145,"stem":146},"Cuisine","/en/docs/kyrgyzstan/cuisine","en/docs/4.kyrgyzstan/cuisine",{"title":148,"path":149,"stem":150},"Felt Textiles","/en/docs/kyrgyzstan/felt-textiles","en/docs/4.kyrgyzstan/felt-textiles",{"title":152,"path":153,"stem":154},"Festivals","/en/docs/kyrgyzstan/festivals","en/docs/4.kyrgyzstan/festivals",{"title":156,"path":157,"stem":158},"Food Preservation","/en/docs/kyrgyzstan/food-preservation","en/docs/4.kyrgyzstan/food-preservation",{"title":113,"path":160,"stem":161},"/en/docs/kyrgyzstan/hospitality","en/docs/4.kyrgyzstan/hospitality",{"title":163,"path":164,"stem":165},"Manas Epic","/en/docs/kyrgyzstan/manas-epic","en/docs/4.kyrgyzstan/manas-epic",{"title":117,"path":167,"stem":168},"/en/docs/kyrgyzstan/material-culture","en/docs/4.kyrgyzstan/material-culture",{"title":125,"path":170,"stem":171},"/en/docs/kyrgyzstan/music-dance","en/docs/4.kyrgyzstan/music-dance",{"title":133,"path":173,"stem":174},"/en/docs/kyrgyzstan/vernacular-belief","en/docs/4.kyrgyzstan/vernacular-belief",{"title":176,"path":177,"stem":178},"Yurt","/en/docs/kyrgyzstan/yurt","en/docs/4.kyrgyzstan/yurt",{"title":180,"icon":181,"path":182,"stem":183,"children":184},"Turkey","i-openmoji:flag-turkey","/en/docs/turkey","en/docs/5.turkey/index",[185,186,190,194,198,202,206,210,214,218,222],{"title":180,"path":182,"stem":183},{"title":187,"path":188,"stem":189},"Bread and meze in Turkey","/en/docs/turkey/bread-meze","en/docs/5.turkey/bread-meze",{"title":191,"path":192,"stem":193},"Coffeehouses and tea gardens in Turkey","/en/docs/turkey/coffeehouse-tea-garden","en/docs/5.turkey/coffeehouse-tea-garden",{"title":195,"path":196,"stem":197},"Cuisine in Turkey","/en/docs/turkey/cuisine","en/docs/5.turkey/cuisine",{"title":199,"path":200,"stem":201},"Festivals and seasonal observances in Turkey","/en/docs/turkey/festivals","en/docs/5.turkey/festivals",{"title":203,"path":204,"stem":205},"Hammam in Turkey","/en/docs/turkey/hammam","en/docs/5.turkey/hammam",{"title":207,"path":208,"stem":209},"Hospitality in Turkey","/en/docs/turkey/hospitality","en/docs/5.turkey/hospitality",{"title":211,"path":212,"stem":213},"Material culture in Turkey","/en/docs/turkey/material-culture","en/docs/5.turkey/material-culture",{"title":215,"path":216,"stem":217},"Mevlevi music in Turkey","/en/docs/turkey/mevlevi-music","en/docs/5.turkey/mevlevi-music",{"title":219,"path":220,"stem":221},"Music and dance in Turkey","/en/docs/turkey/music-dance","en/docs/5.turkey/music-dance",{"title":223,"path":224,"stem":225},"Vernacular belief in Turkey","/en/docs/turkey/vernacular-belief","en/docs/5.turkey/vernacular-belief",{"title":227,"icon":228,"path":229,"stem":230,"children":231},"Kazakhstan","i-openmoji:flag-kazakhstan","/en/docs/kazakhstan","en/docs/6.kazakhstan/index",[232,233,237,241,245,249,253,257,261,265,269],{"title":227,"path":229,"stem":230},{"title":234,"path":235,"stem":236},"Kazakh Cuisine","/en/docs/kazakhstan/cuisine","en/docs/6.kazakhstan/cuisine",{"title":238,"path":239,"stem":240},"Dairy Cuisine in Kazakhstan","/en/docs/kazakhstan/dairy-cuisine","en/docs/6.kazakhstan/dairy-cuisine",{"title":242,"path":243,"stem":244},"Dombyra and Kui","/en/docs/kazakhstan/dombyra-kui","en/docs/6.kazakhstan/dombyra-kui",{"title":246,"path":247,"stem":248},"Felt Arts in Kazakhstan","/en/docs/kazakhstan/felt-arts","en/docs/6.kazakhstan/felt-arts",{"title":250,"path":251,"stem":252},"Festivals in Kazakhstan","/en/docs/kazakhstan/festivals","en/docs/6.kazakhstan/festivals",{"title":254,"path":255,"stem":256},"Hospitality in Kazakhstan","/en/docs/kazakhstan/hospitality","en/docs/6.kazakhstan/hospitality",{"title":258,"path":259,"stem":260},"Material Culture in Kazakhstan","/en/docs/kazakhstan/material-culture","en/docs/6.kazakhstan/material-culture",{"title":262,"path":263,"stem":264},"Music and Dance in Kazakhstan","/en/docs/kazakhstan/music-dance","en/docs/6.kazakhstan/music-dance",{"title":266,"path":267,"stem":268},"Nauryz Customs in Kazakhstan","/en/docs/kazakhstan/nauryz-customs","en/docs/6.kazakhstan/nauryz-customs",{"title":270,"path":271,"stem":272},"Vernacular Belief in Kazakhstan","/en/docs/kazakhstan/vernacular-belief","en/docs/6.kazakhstan/vernacular-belief",{"title":274,"icon":275,"path":276,"stem":277,"children":278},"Uzbekistan","i-openmoji:flag-uzbekistan","/en/docs/uzbekistan","en/docs/7.uzbekistan/index",[279,280,284,288,292,296,300,304,308,312,316],{"title":274,"path":276,"stem":277},{"title":281,"path":282,"stem":283},"Architectural craft in Uzbekistan","/en/docs/uzbekistan/architectural-craft","en/docs/7.uzbekistan/architectural-craft",{"title":285,"path":286,"stem":287},"Bazaars and craft quarters in Uzbekistan","/en/docs/uzbekistan/bazaar-crafts","en/docs/7.uzbekistan/bazaar-crafts",{"title":289,"path":290,"stem":291},"Festivals and seasonal observances in Uzbekistan","/en/docs/uzbekistan/festivals","en/docs/7.uzbekistan/festivals",{"title":293,"path":294,"stem":295},"Uzbek cuisine","/en/docs/uzbekistan/gastronomy","en/docs/7.uzbekistan/gastronomy",{"title":297,"path":298,"stem":299},"Hospitality and life-cycle customs in Uzbekistan","/en/docs/uzbekistan/hospitality","en/docs/7.uzbekistan/hospitality",{"title":301,"path":302,"stem":303},"Maqom in Uzbekistan","/en/docs/uzbekistan/maqom","en/docs/7.uzbekistan/maqom",{"title":305,"path":306,"stem":307},"Material culture in Uzbekistan","/en/docs/uzbekistan/material-culture","en/docs/7.uzbekistan/material-culture",{"title":309,"path":310,"stem":311},"Music and dance in Uzbekistan","/en/docs/uzbekistan/music-dance","en/docs/7.uzbekistan/music-dance",{"title":313,"path":314,"stem":315},"Silk and textile traditions in Uzbekistan","/en/docs/uzbekistan/silk-textiles","en/docs/7.uzbekistan/silk-textiles",{"title":317,"path":318,"stem":319},"Vernacular belief and everyday ritual in Uzbekistan","/en/docs/uzbekistan/vernacular-belief","en/docs/7.uzbekistan/vernacular-belief",{"title":321,"path":322,"stem":323,"children":324,"page":32},"Contributor guide","/en/docs/essentials","en/docs/8.essentials",[325,330,335,340],{"title":326,"path":327,"stem":328,"icon":329},"Markdown Syntax","/en/docs/essentials/markdown-syntax","en/docs/8.essentials/1.markdown-syntax","i-lucide-heading-1",{"title":331,"path":332,"stem":333,"icon":334},"Code Blocks","/en/docs/essentials/code-blocks","en/docs/8.essentials/2.code-blocks","i-lucide-code-xml",{"title":336,"path":337,"stem":338,"icon":339},"Prose Components","/en/docs/essentials/prose-components","en/docs/8.essentials/3.prose-components","i-lucide-component",{"title":341,"path":342,"stem":343,"icon":344},"Images and Embeds","/en/docs/essentials/images-embeds","en/docs/8.essentials/4.images-embeds","i-lucide-image",{"title":346,"icon":347,"path":348,"stem":349,"children":350},"Wars","i-lucide-swords","/en/docs/wars","en/docs/9.wars/index",[351,353,357,361,365,369,373,377,381,385,389],{"title":352,"path":348,"stem":349},"Wars, Battles & Armed Conflicts",{"title":354,"path":355,"stem":356},"Battle of Talas","/en/docs/wars/battle-of-talas","en/docs/9.wars/1.battle-of-talas",{"title":358,"path":359,"stem":360},"Turkish War of Independence","/en/docs/wars/turkish-war-of-independence","en/docs/9.wars/10.turkish-war-of-independence",{"title":362,"path":363,"stem":364},"Byzantine–Seljuk wars","/en/docs/wars/seljuk-byzantine-wars","en/docs/9.wars/2.seljuk-byzantine-wars",{"title":366,"path":367,"stem":368},"Mongol conquests","/en/docs/wars/mongol-conquests","en/docs/9.wars/3.mongol-conquests",{"title":370,"path":371,"stem":372},"Rise of the Ottoman Empire","/en/docs/wars/ottoman-wars-of-expansion","en/docs/9.wars/4.ottoman-wars-of-expansion",{"title":374,"path":375,"stem":376},"Timur","/en/docs/wars/timurs-military-campaigns","en/docs/9.wars/5.timurs-military-campaigns",{"title":378,"path":379,"stem":380},"Ottoman–Habsburg wars","/en/docs/wars/ottoman-habsburg-wars","en/docs/9.wars/6.ottoman-habsburg-wars",{"title":382,"path":383,"stem":384},"Russo-Kazan Wars","/en/docs/wars/russo-kazan-wars","en/docs/9.wars/7.russo-kazan-wars",{"title":386,"path":387,"stem":388},"Ottoman–Persian Wars","/en/docs/wars/ottoman-safavid-wars","en/docs/9.wars/8.ottoman-safavid-wars",{"title":390,"path":391,"stem":392},"First Battle of Panipat","/en/docs/wars/foundation-of-the-mughal-empire","en/docs/9.wars/9.foundation-of-the-mughal-empire",{"id":394,"title":38,"body":395,"description":538,"editorialStatus":539,"extension":540,"links":541,"meta":542,"navigation":543,"path":39,"seo":544,"sources":545,"stem":40,"translationOf":39,"updatedAt":543,"__hash__":567},"docs_en/en/docs/1.common/turkic-peoples.md",{"type":396,"value":397,"toc":526},"minimark",[398,402,407,410,416,420,423,441,446,450,453,458,462,465,468,476,481,485,488,497,502,506,514,519,523],[399,400,401],"p",{},"Turkic peoples are diverse communities connected by languages belonging to the Turkic family. The term is a linguistic and historical umbrella: it does not describe one nation, one religion or a uniform ancestry. “Turkic” is broader than “Turkish,” which normally refers to Turkey or the Turkish language.",[403,404,406],"h2",{"id":405},"language","Language",[399,408,409],{},"Turkish, Azerbaijani, Turkmen, Uzbek, Uyghur, Kazakh, Kyrgyz, Tatar, Bashkir, Sakha and Chuvash are among the family’s languages. They have distinct literary traditions and are not all mutually intelligible. Linguists compare inherited vocabulary and grammatical correspondences to reconstruct relationships; similarity caused by contact is a different question. Chuvash represents the Oghur branch, while the other living Turkic languages are conventionally grouped as Common Turkic. Classification within that larger group remains a subject of research.",[399,411,412],{},[413,414],"span",{"id":415},"list-of-ethnic-groups",[403,417,419],{"id":418},"peoples-and-geography","Peoples and geography",[399,421,422],{},"Turkic-speaking communities live from the Balkans and Anatolia through the Caucasus, the Volga–Ural region and Central Asia to southern Siberia, Xinjiang and northeastern Siberia. Migration has also established communities elsewhere. Modern citizenship, ethnicity and language use are related but different categories; residents of a country named for one people do not all belong to that people.",[399,424,425,426,431,432,434,435,437,438,440],{},"The encyclopedia’s country sections cover only part of this geography. Its initial ",[427,428,430],"a",{"href":429},"/en/people","peoples directory"," includes ",[427,433,21],{"href":22},", ",[427,436,25],{"href":26}," and ",[427,439,29],{"href":30},", communities that should not disappear behind accounts of large states.",[399,442,443],{},[413,444],{"id":445},"etymology",[403,447,449],{"id":448},"names-and-early-evidence","Names and early evidence",[399,451,452],{},"The Türk name is securely associated with the sixth-century khaganate founded in 552. Earlier steppe confederations cannot automatically be assigned the language or identity of later peoples. Modu’s accession among the Xiongnu is conventionally dated to 209 BCE. Their linguistic composition remains debated: Turkic participation is a hypothesis, not grounds to call the whole confederation the first unequivocally Turkic state.",[399,454,455],{},[413,456],{"id":457},"history",[403,459,461],{"id":460},"historical-change","Historical change",[399,463,464],{},"The first and second Türk khaganates, followed by Uyghur, Khazar and other polities, connected steppe societies with neighbouring empires and trading cities. These states governed populations of different languages. Their political labels cannot simply be copied onto modern ethnic maps.",[399,466,467],{},"The Qarakhanids helped shape Islamic Turkic literary culture in Central Asia. Seljuk expansion and later migration changed Anatolia, while Mongol conquest reorganized much of Eurasia. The Anatolian Seljuk sultanate later became dependent on Mongol power. Conquest, settlement, trade, intermarriage and language shift acted together; a battle does not date an entire population’s conversion or language change.",[399,469,470,471,475],{},"Ottoman, Russian, Qing and Soviet rule subsequently created different political and educational settings for Turkic-speaking communities. Twentieth-century borders, schooling, script reforms and migration reshaped language use and collective identities. The ",[427,472,474],{"href":473},"/en/timeline","timeline"," gives a selective chronology and marks interpretive uncertainty.",[399,477,478],{},[413,479],{"id":480},"religion",[403,482,484],{"id":483},"culture-and-religion","Culture and religion",[399,486,487],{},"No single set of customs belongs to every Turkic people. Household economies include farming, herding, urban crafts and industrial work. Religious lives include Islam, Christianity, Buddhism and diverse local or secular practices. A language family is not a religious community.",[399,489,490,491,434,494,496],{},"Compare ",[427,492,493],{"href":35},"food traditions",[427,495,11],{"href":12},", musical performance and craft articles through their named local examples. Shared instruments or dishes can circulate across linguistic boundaries, while objects with similar names may differ in preparation or use. Country articles remain drafts and distinguish documented examples from broader descriptions awaiting specialist review.",[399,498,499],{},[413,500],{"id":501},"demographics",[403,503,505],{"id":504},"demography-and-historical-estimates","Demography and historical estimates",[399,507,508,509,513],{},"The previous version displayed ",[510,511,512],"strong",{},"150–200 million for 2013",". That is an inherited historical estimate, not a current count or a newly verified census total. This overview does not update it by extrapolation. Counts must specify year, territory and whether they measure ethnicity, first language, language proficiency or citizenship; those categories cannot be added indiscriminately. The long legacy text is preserved in the repository’s reference archive for comparison.",[399,515,516],{},[413,517],{"id":518},"references",[403,520,522],{"id":521},"reading-and-sources","Reading and sources",[399,524,525],{},"The references below support the linguistic framework and historical examples. This concise overview replaces an unevenly translated legacy compilation; it remains a draft without a claim of specialist or peer review.",{"title":527,"searchDepth":528,"depth":529,"links":530},"",1,2,[531,532,533,534,535,536,537],{"id":405,"depth":529,"text":406},{"id":418,"depth":529,"text":419},{"id":448,"depth":529,"text":449},{"id":460,"depth":529,"text":461},{"id":483,"depth":529,"text":484},{"id":504,"depth":529,"text":505},{"id":521,"depth":529,"text":522},"An overview of Turkic languages, peoples, geography, historical change and cultural diversity.","draft","md",[],{},null,{"title":38,"description":538},[546,549,552,555,558,561,564],{"title":547,"url":548},"Glottolog: Turkic language family","https://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/turk1311",{"title":550,"url":551},"Johanson and Csató (eds.): The Turkic Languages, 2nd edition","https://www.routledge.com/The-Turkic-Languages/Johanson-Csato/p/book/9780415738569/",{"title":553,"url":554},"Savelyev and Jeong (2020): Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe","https://doi.org/10.1017/ehs.2020.18",{"title":556,"url":557},"Encyclopaedia Iranica: Xiongnu","https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/xiongnu/",{"title":559,"url":560},"Encyclopaedia Iranica: Khazars","https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/khazars/",{"title":562,"url":563},"Encyclopaedia Iranica: Ilak-Khanids (Qarakhanids)","https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ilak-khanids/",{"title":565,"url":566},"Encyclopaedia Iranica: Saljuqs of Rum","https://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/saljuqs-iii/","3FCiHN0DK08dODTrpNs6OSJsZJ3iLGuwlV6d98Df-ds",[569,571],{"title":34,"path":35,"stem":36,"description":570,"children":-1},"Shared patterns in foodways across Turkic-speaking regions — grains, dairy, meat, bread, and tea — with strong local variation.",{"title":43,"path":45,"stem":46,"description":572,"children":-1},"Encyclopedia articles on Turkmenistan covering cuisine, festivals, hospitality, performance, material culture, and related practices.",1791560748833]