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For other battles, see ",[406,407,411],"a",{"href":408,"rel":409},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Panipat_%28disambiguation%29",[410],"nofollow","Battle of Panipat",".",[402,414,415,416,419,420,425,426,431,432,437,438,443,444,449,450,455,456,461],{},"The ",[417,418,390],"strong",{},", on 21 April 1526 was fought between the invading forces of ",[406,421,424],{"href":422,"rel":423},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babur",[410],"Babur"," against ",[406,427,430],{"href":428,"rel":429},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Khan_Lodi",[410],"Ibrahim Khan Lodi",", the ",[406,433,436],{"href":434,"rel":435},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_sultans_of_Delhi",[410],"Sultan of Delhi",", in ",[406,439,442],{"href":440,"rel":441},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_India",[410],"North India",". Babur's forces, employing ",[406,445,448],{"href":446,"rel":447},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunpowder_warfare",[410],"gunpowder firearms"," and ",[406,451,454],{"href":452,"rel":453},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannon",[410],"cannons",", defeated Ibrahim. This was one of the earliest battles involving gunpowder arms on the ",[406,457,460],{"href":458,"rel":459},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_subcontinent",[410],"Indian subcontinent",". The victory marked the beginning of Mughal rule in India.",[463,464,466],"h2",{"id":465},"background","Background",[402,468,469],{},[470,471],"img",{"alt":472,"src":473},"The battle of Panipat between the armies of Babur and Ibrahim Lodi (1526). Babur was invited by Daulat Khan Lodi to en","https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Vaki%27at-i_Baburi_-_The_Battle_of_Panipat_%281526%29_by_Deo_Gujarati.jpg",[402,475,476],{},[477,478,479],"em",{},"The battle of Panipat between the armies of Babur and Ibrahim Lodi (1526). Babur was invited by Daulat Khan Lodi to enter India and defeat Ibrahim Lodi. An illustration to the Vaqi 'at-i Baburi, by Deo Gujarati, c. 1590.",[402,481,482,483,488,489,449,494,499,500,505,506,511,512,412],{},"In 1504, Babur succeeded his late uncle ",[406,484,487],{"href":485,"rel":486},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulugh_Beg_II",[410],"Ulugh Beg II"," by force of arms, taking control of the latter's kingdom based around ",[406,490,493],{"href":491,"rel":492},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabul",[410],"Kabul",[406,495,498],{"href":496,"rel":497},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghazni",[410],"Ghazni",". Opposed by ",[406,501,504],{"href":502,"rel":503},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Shaybani",[410],"Muhammad Shaybani"," to the northwest, Babur sought to expand his kingdom to the southeast, into ",[406,507,510],{"href":508,"rel":509},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjab",[410],"Punjab",", the land of the five rivers. By 1519, he had reached the ",[406,513,516],{"href":514,"rel":515},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chenab_River",[410],"Chenab River",[402,518,519,520,523,524,529,530,535,536,541,542,547,548,551,552,557,558,563,564,563,569,449,574,579],{},"At that time, most of ",[406,521,442],{"href":440,"rel":522},[410]," was part of the ",[406,525,528],{"href":526,"rel":527},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Sultanate",[410],"Delhi Sultanate",", under the rule of ",[406,531,534],{"href":532,"rel":533},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Lodi",[410],"Ibrahim Lodi"," of the ",[406,537,540],{"href":538,"rel":539},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lodi_dynasty",[410],"Lodi dynasty",". However, Ibrahim was locked in a power struggle with his relatives and ministers. ",[406,543,546],{"href":544,"rel":545},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daulat_Khan_Lodi",[410],"Daulat Khan Lodi",", Governor of ",[406,549,510],{"href":508,"rel":550},[410],", offered to defect to Babur. Babur started for ",[406,553,556],{"href":554,"rel":555},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lahore",[410],"Lahore",", in 1524 but found that Daulat had been driven out by forces sent by Ibrahim. The Lodi army marched out to engage Babur and was routed. Babur also took control of ",[406,559,562],{"href":560,"rel":561},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhelum",[410],"Jhelum",", ",[406,565,568],{"href":566,"rel":567},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sialkot",[410],"Sialkot",[406,570,573],{"href":571,"rel":572},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalanaur,_Gurdaspur",[410],"Kalanaur",[406,575,578],{"href":576,"rel":577},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipalpur",[410],"Dipalpur"," before returning to Kabul. He placed Dipalpur under control of Alam Khan, a rebel uncle of Ibrahim.",[402,581,582,583,588,589,592,593,598],{},"At the end of 1525, Babur was to return to northern India, crossing the ",[406,584,587],{"href":585,"rel":586},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_River",[410],"Indus"," in December. After securing his conquest of ",[406,590,510],{"href":508,"rel":591},[410],", Babur advanced towards Delhi. It was at ",[406,594,597],{"href":595,"rel":596},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panipat",[410],"Panipat"," he was to meet and engage a much larger army assembled by Ibrahim.",[463,600,602],{"id":601},"battle","Battle",[402,604,605,606,611,612,617,618,623,624,412],{},"Ibrahim's army is reported to have had an effective strength of between 50,000 and 70,000 with 1,000 ",[406,607,610],{"href":608,"rel":609},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_elephant",[410],"war elephants"," but lacked gunpowder arms. Babur's army was 12,000 strong. At least part of the force were equipped with ",[406,613,616],{"href":614,"rel":615},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matchlock",[410],"matchlock"," muskets. His cavalry fought as ",[406,619,622],{"href":620,"rel":621},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse_archers",[410],"horse archers",". He also had between 15 and 20 ",[406,625,454],{"href":452,"rel":626},[410],[402,628,629,630,635,636,639],{},"Babur defended his position with 700 wagons tied together in a line. Between every second wagon was a ",[406,631,634],{"href":632,"rel":633},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breastwork_%28fortification%29",[410],"breastwork"," for his musketeers to fire from. At several places in the line, he left sally points 150 riders wide for his cavalry to advance through. Babur secured his right flank against the city of ",[406,637,597],{"href":595,"rel":638},[410],". On the left, he dug a trench filled with branches as an obstacle against cavalry.",[402,641,642],{},"When Ibrahim attacked, the frontage presented by Babur was too narrow for him to effectively employ his force. Musket and cannon pinned Ibrahim's centre while horse archers harried the flanks and rear. The noise of cannon panicked the elephants, adding to the casualties. Ibrahim and 20,000 of his men were killed in the battle. Thousands more died as the army retreated.",[463,644,646],{"id":645},"aftermath","Aftermath",[402,648,649,650,655,656,661,662,667,668,673,674,679,680,683],{},"The battle of Panipat was militarily a decisive victory for Babur. However, to secure his position, Babur was still to fight the ",[406,651,654],{"href":652,"rel":653},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Mewar",[410],"Mewar"," ruler ",[406,657,660],{"href":658,"rel":659},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rana_Sanga",[410],"Rana Sanga"," at ",[406,663,666],{"href":664,"rel":665},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Khanwa",[410],"Khanwa"," in 1527, and the eastern Afghans at the ",[406,669,672],{"href":670,"rel":671},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ghaghra",[410],"Ghaghra River"," in 1529. Politically it gained Babur new lands and initiated a new phase of his establishment of the ",[406,675,678],{"href":676,"rel":677},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire",[410],"Mughal Empire"," in the heart of the ",[406,681,460],{"href":458,"rel":682},[410]," – an empire that lasted for over 200 years.",[463,685,687],{"id":686},"sources","Sources",[689,690,691,699,726,733,753,777,784,791],"ul",{},[692,693,694,695,698],"li",{},"Butalia, Romesh C. (1998). ",[477,696,697],{},"The Evolution of the Artillery in India: From the Battle of Plassey to the Revolt of 1857",". Allied Publishing Limited.",[692,700,701,706,707,714,715,720,721,412],{},[406,702,705],{"href":703,"rel":704},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satish_Chandra_%28historian%29",[410],"Chandra, Satish"," (2009). ",[406,708,711],{"href":709,"rel":710},"https://books.google.com/books?id=0Rm9MC4DDrcC",[410],[477,712,713],{},"Medieval India: From Sultanat to the Mughals, Part II",". Har-Anand Publications. ",[406,716,719],{"href":717,"rel":718},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_%28identifier%29",[410],"ISBN"," ",[406,722,725],{"href":723,"rel":724},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788124110669",[410],"9788124110669",[692,727,728,729,732],{},"Chaurasia, Radhey Shyam (2002). ",[477,730,731],{},"History of medieval India: from 1000 A.D. to 1707 A.D",". Atlantic Publisher.",[692,734,735,736,739,740,739,745,720,748,412],{},"Davis, Paul K. (1999). ",[477,737,738],{},"100 Decisive Battles: From Ancient Times to the Present",". ",[406,741,744],{"href":742,"rel":743},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press",[410],"Oxford University Press",[406,746,719],{"href":717,"rel":747},[410],[406,749,752],{"href":750,"rel":751},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57607-075-1",[410],"1-57607-075-1",[692,754,755,760,761,768,769,720,772,412],{},[406,756,759],{"href":757,"rel":758},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Eraly",[410],"Eraly, Abraham"," (2007). ",[406,762,765],{"href":763,"rel":764},"https://books.google.com/books?id=h7kPQs8llvkC",[410],[477,766,767],{},"Emperors Of The Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Moghuls",". Penguin Books Limited. ",[406,770,719],{"href":717,"rel":771},[410],[406,773,776],{"href":774,"rel":775},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-5118-093-7",[410],"978-93-5118-093-7",[692,778,779,780,783],{},"Mahajan, V.D. (1980). ",[477,781,782],{},"History of medieval India"," (10th ed.). S. Chand.",[692,785,786,787,790],{},"Watts, Tim J. (2011). \"Battles of Panipat\". In Mikaberidze, Alexander (ed.). ",[477,788,789],{},"Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia",". ABC-CLIO.",[692,792,793,794,739,799,739,802,807],{},"Government of Haryana (11 June 2010). ",[406,795,798],{"href":796,"rel":797},"https://panipat.gov.in/first-battle/",[410],"\"First Battle of Panipat (1526) | Panipat, Haryana\"",[477,800,801],{},"Government of Haryana",[406,803,806],{"href":804,"rel":805},"https://web.archive.org/web/20240413003058/https://panipat.gov.in/first-battle/",[410],"Archived"," from the original on 13 April 2024. Retrieved 28 November 2018.",[463,809,811],{"id":810},"source","Source",[402,813,814,815,819,820,825],{},"This page copies the English Wikipedia article ",[406,816,390],{"href":817,"rel":818},"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Battle_of_Panipat",[410]," under ",[406,821,824],{"href":822,"rel":823},"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/",[410],"CC BY-SA 4.0",". See the article history for authors.",{"title":827,"searchDepth":828,"depth":829,"links":830},"",1,2,[831,832,833,834,835],{"id":465,"depth":829,"text":466},{"id":601,"depth":829,"text":602},{"id":645,"depth":829,"text":646},{"id":686,"depth":829,"text":687},{"id":810,"depth":829,"text":811},"1526 battle during the Mughal conquest of the Delhi Sultanate",null,"md",[],{},{"title":390,"description":836},[],"NxbrzDkKA6KEZoUyF1BozQ2wvrFcibK_U_EXB3yprpk",[845,837],{"title":386,"path":387,"stem":388,"description":846,"children":-1},"Series of wars through the 16th to 19th centuries",1791560751767]