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yigirish, boʻyash, toʻquvchilik dastgohlarida ishlash va naqshli yuzalarni tashkil qilish bilan bogʻliq ixtisoslashgan toʻqimachilik amaliyotidir. Gilamlar pol qoplamasi, chodir jihozlari, to'qimachilik buyumlari, sovg'alar va sotiladigan tovarlar sifatida xizmat qilgan. Ularning ishlab chiqarishi uy mehnatini mutaxassislar bilimi va mintaqaviy savdo bilan bog'laydi.",[406,407,409],"h2",{"id":408},"tarixiy-va-geografik-kontekst","Tarixiy va geografik kontekst",[402,411,412],{},"Qoʻy junlari chorvachilik xoʻjaligida oson boʻlgan, boʻyoqlar, ipak, paxta va asboblar shaharlar va savdo yoʻllari orqali oʻtgan. To'qilgan qoziq to'qimachilik uyni izolyatsiya qilishi, yashash va saqlashni ta'minlashi va uy xo'jaligi bilan sayohat qilishi mumkin edi. Tarixiy to'plamlar va yozma manbalar shuni ko'rsatadiki, alohida to'quv guruhlari taniqli dizayn va konventsiyalarni ishlab chiqqan, ammo bu teglar har bir ishlab chiqaruvchi yoki har bir ob'ektni tasvirlamaydi.",[402,414,415],{},"Yigirmanchi va yigirma birinchi asrlarda gilamlar ustaxonalar, kooperativlar va savdo korxonalarida ham ishlab chiqarilgan. Bu bozorlarni kengaytirdi va ba'zi dizaynlarni standartlashtirdi, ayni paytda uy to'quvi ma'lum oilalarda muhim bo'lib qolmoqda. Eski va yangi ishlab chiqarish usullari bir-birini to'liq almashtirishdan ko'ra, birgalikda mavjud.",[406,417,419],{"id":418},"materiallar-va-tayyorgarlik","Materiallar va tayyorgarlik",[402,421,422],{},"Jun to‘qishdan oldin yuvilishi, saralanishi, taralishi va yigirilishi kerak. Elyafning sifati, uning burilishi, arqon va to‘qimaga ishlov berish gilamning chidamliligi va dastagiga ta’sir qiladi. Strukturaviy iplar uchun paxta ishlatilishi mumkin, ipak esa nozikroq ishlarda paydo bo'lishi mumkin. Tabiiy bo'yoqlar tarixan ko'p ranglar bilan ta'minlangan; kimyoviy bo'yoqlar keyinchalik keng tarqalgan bo'lib, turli darajadagi yorqinlik va mustahkamlik imkonini beradi.",[402,424,425],{},"Tayyorgarlik ko'p vaqt talab etadi va bir nechta odamni jalb qilishi mumkin. To'quvchining tanlovi mavjud ip, narx va mo'ljallangan ob'ekt bilan cheklangan. Kichkina yukxalta, hayvonlarni ushlab turish yoki chodir bandi katta pol gilamidan turli materiallar va qurilishni talab qiladi.",[406,427,429],{"id":428},"dastgohlar-tugunlar-va-mehnat","Dastgohlar, tugunlar va mehnat",[402,431,432],{},"Qoziqli gilamlar, odatda, tik turgan dastgohda rangli iplarni oʻralgan iplar atrofiga bogʻlash, qoziqni kesish va qatorlarni toʻquv bilan oʻrash yoʻli bilan tayyorlanadi. To‘quvchi yodlangan ketma-ketlikni, chizmani yoki ikkalasini ham bajaradi. Hatto muntazam ko'rinadigan maydon ham aniq hisoblash va tuzatishni talab qiladi, chegaralar esa moslashishga e'tibor berishni talab qiladi.",[402,434,435],{},"To'qimachilik uy ishi, haq to'lanadigan ish yoki kombinatsiya sifatida tashkil etilishi mumkin. Tajribali to'quvchilar kuchlanish, ranglarni joylashtirish, tugatish va ta'mirlash texnikasini o'tkazadilar. Ishtirokchilarning jinsi va yoshi sharoit va davrga qarab farqlanadi; barcha gilam ishlari bitta uy sharoitida sodir bo'ladi deb taxmin qilish to'g'ri emas.",[406,437,439],{"id":438},"motiflar-va-dizayn-lugati","Motiflar va dizayn lug'ati",[402,441,442,443,447],{},"Ko'pincha ",[444,445,446],"em",{},"g'ol"," deb ataladigan takrorlanuvchi medalyon shaklidagi shakllar turkman gilamlarining eng mashhur elementlaridan biridir. Ularning geometriyasi, joylashuvi va atrofidagi chegaralar muayyan mintaqaviy yoki qabilaviy dizayn lug'atlari bilan bog'lanishi mumkin. Biroq, foydalanishda, naqsh nomlari va identifikatsiyalari har doim ham kelishib olinmaydi, ayniqsa dizaynlar savdo va ko'paytirish orqali tarqalgan bo'lsa.",[402,449,450],{},"Motiflar hayvonlar, o'simliklar, ilgak shakllari va kichik geometrik plombalarni ham o'z ichiga olishi mumkin. Ma'no avtomatik ravishda belgilanmasligi kerak: shakl vizual muvozanat, texnik konventsiya, oilaviy afzallik yoki mahalliy esda qoladigan assotsiatsiya uchun baholanishi mumkin. Gilamni tahlil qilish uning ko'rinadigan dizayni bilan bir qatorda tuzilishi va kelib chiqishini hisobga olishdan foyda keltiradi.",[406,452,454],{"id":453},"foydalanish-aylanish-va-saqlash","Foydalanish, aylanish va saqlash",[402,456,457],{},"Gilamlar va tegishli to'qilgan buyumlar uylar va ko'chma turar-joylarni jihozlaydi, nikoh to'yini belgilaydi yoki sovg'a va meros tarmoqlari bo'ylab harakatlanadi. Ular, shuningdek, shahar interyeri uchun dekorativ ob'ektlar sifatida sotib olinishi yoki muzeylar tomonidan to'planishi mumkin. Ushbu kontekstlar ularni tozalash, ko'rsatish, baholash va ta'mirlash usullarini o'zgartiradi.",[402,459,460],{},"Yorug'lik, hasharotlar, eskirish va noto'g'ri yuvish jun matolariga zarar etkazishi mumkin. Oilalar eskirgan qirralarni tuzatishi mumkin, konservatorlar esa materiallarni hujjatlashtiradi va nozik qismlarni barqarorlashtiradi. Tijorat talab jadal ishlab chiqarishni rag'batlantirishi mumkin, lekin u ishlab chiqaruvchilarga daromad keltiradi va ma'lum ko'nikmalarni muomalada saqlaydi.",[406,462,464],{"id":463},"farqlar","Farqlar",[402,466,467],{},"To'quvlar tugun zichligi, palitrasi, nisbati va dala va chegara o'rtasidagi munosabatda farqlanadi. Jun manbalari, bo'yoqlarning mavjudligi va bozor talabi mintaqalar bo'ylab ishlab chiqarishga ta'sir qiladi. Uyda ishlab chiqarilgan buyumlar an'anaviy naqshdan individual farqlarni o'z ichiga olishi mumkin, ustaxonada ishlab chiqarish esa takrorlanadigan dizaynlarni qo'llab-quvvatlashi mumkin.",[406,469,471],{"id":470},"shuningdek-qarang","Shuningdek qarang",[473,474,475,481,486],"ul",{},[476,477,478],"li",{},[479,480,117],"a",{"href":71},[476,482,483],{},[479,484,485],{"href":87},"Toʻy marosimlari",[476,487,488],{},[479,489,490],{"href":63},"Ot madaniyati",[406,492,494],{"id":493},"hujjatlashtirilgan-misol","Hujjatlashtirilgan misol",[402,496,497,498,504],{},"UNESCO tavsifida turkman gilamlari bo‘yalgan jun ipidan gorizontal va vertikal dastgohlarda to‘qilishi qayd etilgan. ",[479,499,503],{"href":500,"rel":501},"https://ich.unesco.org/en/RL/traditional-turkmen-carpet-making-art-in-turkmenistan-01486?RL=01486",[502],"nofollow","UNESCO: Traditional Turkmen carpet making",".",[402,506,507],{},"Ko‘rsatilgan manba ushbu misolni tasdiqlaydi. Umumiy sharh tahririy qoralama bo‘lib, mahalliy odatlar va tarixiy talqinlar mutaxassis tekshiruvini talab qiladi.",{"title":509,"searchDepth":510,"depth":511,"links":512},"",1,2,[513,514,515,516,517,518,519,520],{"id":408,"depth":511,"text":409},{"id":418,"depth":511,"text":419},{"id":428,"depth":511,"text":429},{"id":438,"depth":511,"text":439},{"id":453,"depth":511,"text":454},{"id":463,"depth":511,"text":464},{"id":470,"depth":511,"text":471},{"id":493,"depth":511,"text":494},"Turkman gilamlarining materiali, toʻqish jarayoni, naqsh tili va ishlatilishi haqidagi maqola.","draft","md",[],{},null,{"title":50,"description":521},[529],{"title":503,"url":500},"/en/docs/turkmenistan/carpet-weaving","_Ayb2K5GZ2AVljkGY3mqolDo8xcCKn06up3mUjPY18I",[533,535],{"title":43,"path":45,"stem":46,"description":534,"children":-1},"Turkmaniston oshxonasi, bayramlari, mehmondoʻstligi, ijrochilik anʼanalari va moddiy hayotiga oid ensiklopedik maqolalar.",{"title":54,"path":55,"stem":56,"description":536,"children":-1},"Turkman taomlari, jumladan, donli taomlar, go'shtli pishiriqlar, sutli ovqatlar va ovqatlanishni tashkil qilish haqida umumiy ma'lumot.",1791560793723]