Ottoman–Persian Wars
For all conflicts between Turkic states and Persian states, see Turco-Persian Wars.
The Ottoman–Persian Wars also called the Ottoman–Iranian Wars were a series of wars between the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid, Afsharid, Zand, and Qajar states of Iran (Persia) through the 16th–19th centuries. The Ottomans consolidated their control of what is today Turkey in the 15th century, and gradually came into conflict with the emerging neighboring Iranian state, led by Ismail I of the Safavid dynasty. The two states were arch rivals, and were also divided by religious grounds, the Ottomans being staunchly Sunni and the Safavids being Shia. A series of military conflicts ensued for centuries during which the two empires competed for control over eastern Anatolia, the Caucasus, and Ottoman Iraq.
List
| Name of the war | Sultan of Ottoman Empire | Shah of Persian Empire | Treaty at the end of the war | Victorious Empire |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| War of 1505–1517 | Selim I | Ismail I | None | Ottoman Empire |
| War of 1532–1555 | Suleiman I | Tahmasp I | Treaty of Amasya (1555) | Ottoman Empire |
| War of 1578–1590 | Murad III | Mohammad Khodabanda, Abbas I | Treaty of Constantinople (1590) | Ottoman Empire |
| War of 1603–1612 | Ahmed I | Abbas I | Treaty of Nasuh Pasha | Persian Empire |
| War of 1616–1618 | Ahmed I, Mustafa I, Osman II | Abbas I | Treaty of Serav (1618) | Persian Empire |
| War of 1623–1639 | Murad IV | Abbas I, Safi | Treaty of Zuhab (1639) | Ottoman Empire |
| War of 1730–1735 | Mahmud I | Nader Shah | Treaty of Constantinople (1736) | Persian Empire |
| War of 1743–1746 | Mahmud I | Nader Shah | Treaty of Kerden (1746) | Indecisive |
| War of 1776–1779 | Abdul Hamid I | Karim Khan Zand | None | Indecisive |
| War of 1820–1823 | Mahmud II | Fath-Ali Shah Qajar | Treaty of Erzurum (1823) | Indecisive |
Among the numerous treaties, the Treaty of Zuhab of 1639 is usually considered as the most significant, as it fixed present Turkey–Iran and Iraq–Iran borders. In later treaties, there were frequent references to the Treaty of Zuhab.
Other conflicts
| Name of the war | Sultan of Ottoman Empire | Shah of Persian Empire | Treaty at the end of the war | Victorious Empire |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| War of 1906 | Abdul Hamid II | Mozaffar ad-Din Shah | None | Indecisive |
| War of 1914–1918 | Mehmed V | Ahmad Shah | Armistice of Mudros (1918) | Indecisive |
See also
- Ottoman–Safavid relations
- Habsburg–Persian alliance
- Franco-Ottoman alliance
- Russo-Persian Wars
- Russo-Turkish Wars
Similar conflicts:
- Greco–Persian wars
- Roman–Persian wars
- Byzantine–Seljuk wars
- Battle of Ankara
- Battle of Otlukbeli
- Ottoman–Hotaki War (1726–1727)
- Persian campaign (World War I)
Sources
- Yves Bomati and Houchang Nahavandi,Shah Abbas, Emperor of Persia, 1587–1629, 2017, ed. Ketab Corporation, Los Angeles, ISBN 978-1595845672, English translation by Azizeh Azodi.
- Sicker, Martin (2001). The Islamic World in Decline: From the Treaty of Karlowitz to the Disintegration of the Ottoman Empire. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 027596891X.
- Hala Mundhir, Fattah (1997). The Politics of Regional Trade in Iraq, Arabia, and the Gulf: 1745-1900. SUNY Press. ISBN 9781438402376.
Source
This page copies the English Wikipedia article Ottoman–Persian Wars under CC BY-SA 4.0. See the article history for authors.